Diabetes mellitus is a scourge of the 21st century.This endocrine disease of the pancreas causes damage to all organs.Most kidneys, eyes, heart and blood vessels suffer.Types of diabetes: dependent on insulin and insulínterfe.The first species are more likely to suffer children and young people under 30, transmitted with inheritance genes.In this case, one cannot achieve the desired standard of life without a constant introduction of insulins.An insulin bomb faces this task better.Type 2 diabetes is found in middle -aged and older people with greater body weight.
In this article, we will consider the differences between diabetes of types 1 and second.
Characteristics of type 1 diabetes
The main mechanism for the development of the disease is the lack of insulin.This is a peptide hormone of the pancreas, produced by special beta cells of the Langerganes islets.Its main function is to guarantee the glucose that enters the cell.Glucose is the main energy material, without it, life is impossible.In the first type of diabetes, sugar circulates in the blood, but cannot enter the cell.Therefore, the diagnosis of the disease is simple, depending on the determination of blood glucose.With an increase in your level, you can make an appropriate diagnosis.Due to the need for patients to constantly take therapy, this diabetes is called insulin dependent.
The causes of cell destruction that insulin produces are not very well studied.The most common autoimmune lesion mechanism is found when its own immune cells attack the pancreas.Throughout life, all cells will be destroyed.The only method of treatment is insulin replacement therapy.
Diabetes types are easy to distinguish from each other.
Type 1 disease is inherited.Therefore, it begins to demonstrate at an early age.The vast majority of patients are detected up to 30 years.The disease debuts sharply, serious symptoms develop in a short time.The cases are not rare when diabetes of the first type manifests in a coma>.
Other characteristic symptoms include:
- unbearable thirst;
- Increase in appetite;
- dry mouth;
- Improved urinating, even at night;
- Pronounced weight loss;
- itching in the skin;
- pronounced weakness;
- perspiration;
- Vision of vision.
Characteristics of type 2 diabetes
It occurs with constantly high glucose intake in the body.In the vast majority of cases it develops in patients with obesity.The disease mechanism is different, body cells do not perceive glucose or do not perceive insulin.This is due to a violation of metabolism that occurs during obesity.
For a long time the disease does not appear.Then, patients have symptoms, for a long time wounds and non -tight cuts, dry mouth, visual disability, giving long.
Type 2 diabetes is dangerous with serious complications:
- Visual violation of blindness;
- Reduction of renal function;
- development of trophic ulcers;
- damage to heart muscle;
- Frequent and prolonged infections.
The spectrum of the target organs is wide because excess glucose affects blood vessels.That is, all organs and tissues are affected to varying degrees.
The diagnosis of the disease is common for types of diabetes 1 and 2.
We examine the differences between types 1 and second in diabetes.What do these diseases have in common?
Despite the types of diabetes, the diagnosis is the same.The main test is the determination of blood glucose.Normally, this indicator does not exceed 5.5 mmol/l.Diabetes mellitus is diagnosed when the glucose level exceeds 6.1 mmol/l.The intermediate result is not considered a disease.Sometimes, sugar increases with colds, injuries, stressful situations, lack of complement with the patient with the rules for the test, taking some medications.In such cases, it is worth repeating the analysis after a few weeks.
In addition to determining blood glucose, other diagnostic methods are also used:
- determination of glucoscada hemoglobin;
- determination of glucose and acetone in the urine;
- Determination of the C. peptide
Under the conditions of the scientific centers, to distinguish the types of diabetes between them, in controversial cases they use the identification of genes responsible for the development of hereditary diabetes.
Differences between the types of diabetes in the first and second place
The beginning of diabetes
Diabetes types differ at the beginning of the disease.Hereditary diabetes suddenly develops, in young and thin people, proceeds to a large extent, it requires emergency assistance.
Type 2 diabetes develops slowly, in older people with excess body weight, does not require urgent intervention.
Insulin reception
It is necessary to treat type 1 and 2 diabetes. The difference in its treatment is huge.
The treatment of the insulin dependent type is mandatory.How long will the patient live without complications will live in adequate insulin therapy.Patients should study in special schools in diabetes to study their illness, learn to live fully.
The acquired diabetes therapy approach is completely different.Only with prolonged type 2 diabetes, after using all the arsenal of tablets, diabetics are prescribed insulin.
In the modern world, diabetes is not sentenced, patients live until old age, can give birth to children.The spectrum of professions that diabetics can master are very broad.
With the first identified diagnosis of type 1 diabetes, patients are hospitalized for insulin dose selection.After discharge, the diabetic itself controls its diet, the level of blood glucose and insulin injections.You should not limit yourself to food.The dose of the drug should correspond to the amount of glucose in food.There are bread units to measure it.This is a measure of sugar content in different types of food.According to the number of bread units to eat, the patient should inject the equivalent dose of insulin to avoid coma.
Life
With the first type of diabetes of the second type, the main emphasis is on adequate nutrition.The patient is prohibited from eating sweet, flour, sweet fruits, juices, some cereals.If blood sugar is not achieved by changing nutrition, medications are prescribed that decrease sugar.
Congenital diabetes identification implies cardinal change in lifestyle.Now the patient is linked to a vital insulin dose.The rejection of treatment means death.
Prevention
In addition to treatment, the difference in two types of diabetes is the possibility of prevention.It is impossible to prevent diabetes of the first type.But type 2 diabetes is not only possible, but also necessary.Obesity, lack of motor activity, sweet abuse leads to the disease.